Health Library

Anorectal Malformation

The anus is absent, closed or in the wrong place at birth.

Condition

Appendicitis

Tummy pain that moves to the lower right side.

Condition

Circumcision & Preputioplasty

For a genuinely tight or scarred foreskin — and the option that keeps it.

Procedure

Colonoscopy

A camera look at the large bowel, with biopsies if needed.

Test

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A gap in the diaphragm lets abdominal organs into the chest.

Condition

Congenital GI Anomalies

Differences in the food pipe, stomach, bowel or bile ducts present from birth.

Condition

Congenital Urinary Abnormalities

Kidney and urinary tract differences present from birth.

Condition

Constipation in Children

Common, treatable — but sometimes a sign of something else.

Condition

Contrast Enema

Outlines the large bowel — used for Hirschsprung and obstruction.

Test

Cystoscopy

A camera look inside the bladder and urinary passage.

Test

Diuretic Renogram (MAG3 / DTPA)

The test that proves whether a swollen kidney is genuinely blocked.

Test

DMSA Scan

Shows kidney scarring and how much work each kidney is doing.

Test

Endoscopic Valve Ablation

Removing obstructing valves in a newborn boy — no external cut.

Procedure

Epispadias

The urinary opening is on the upper surface, present from birth.

Condition

Gastroschisis

Bowel outside the abdomen at birth, with no covering sac.

Condition

Hernia Repair in Children (Herniotomy)

Closing the open channel that lets bowel slide into the groin.

Procedure

Hirschsprung Disease

Missing nerve cells in the bowel cause severe constipation from birth.

Condition

Hydrocele

Painless fluid swelling around the testis.

Condition

Hydrocele Surgery

Closing the channel so scrotal fluid stops reaccumulating.

Procedure

Hydronephrosis

Swelling of the kidney, often found on a pregnancy scan.

Condition

Hypospadias

The urinary opening is not at the tip of the penis.

Condition

Hypospadias Repair

Moving the urinary opening to the tip and straightening the penis.

Procedure

Inguinal Hernia in Children

A groin swelling that appears on crying or straining.

Condition

Intestinal Atresia

A segment of bowel is closed off or missing at birth.

Condition

Intestinal Obstruction

Green vomiting, a swollen tummy and no stool.

Condition

Intussusception

One part of the bowel slides into the next — an emergency.

Condition

Ladd’s Procedure

Untwisting the bowel and repositioning it so it cannot twist again.

Procedure

Laparoscopic Appendicectomy

Keyhole removal of an inflamed appendix.

Procedure

Malrotation & Volvulus

Bowel that is not fixed properly and can twist — a true emergency.

Condition

MCUG (Micturating Cystourethrogram)

The X-ray test that shows urine flowing backwards, and valves in boys.

Test

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A leftover pouch on the small bowel that can bleed or obstruct.

Condition

Meckel’s Scan

Finds the stomach-type lining that causes painless bleeding.

Test

Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC)

A serious bowel illness, mainly in premature babies.

Condition

Neurogenic Bladder

The bladder does not work properly because of a nerve problem.

Condition

Omphalocele (Exomphalos)

Abdominal organs outside the tummy at the navel, in a covering sac.

Condition

Orchidopexy

Bringing an undescended testis down into the scrotum and fixing it there.

Procedure

Phimosis

The foreskin is too tight to pull back.

Condition

Posterior Urethral Valves

A blockage in the urinary passage in newborn boys.

Condition

PSARP — Anorectal Malformation Repair

Creating an anal opening in the correct position, within the muscles.

Procedure

PUJ Obstruction

A blockage where the kidney joins the ureter.

Condition

Pull-Through Surgery

Removing the nerveless bowel and joining healthy bowel to the anus.

Procedure

Pyeloplasty

Removing the narrow segment where the kidney drains into the ureter.

Procedure

Pyloric Stenosis

Forceful projectile vomiting in a baby of a few weeks old.

Condition

Pyloromyotomy

Dividing the thickened stomach outlet in a baby with projectile vomiting.

Procedure

Rectal Suction Biopsy

The definitive test for Hirschsprung disease.

Test

Reflux & Vomiting in Children

When bringing up feeds is normal — and when it is not.

Condition

Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula

The food pipe ends blindly and may connect to the windpipe.

Condition

Ultrasound of Kidneys & Bladder

The first, painless look at the kidneys, ureters and bladder.

Test

Undescended Testis

One or both testes have not come down into the scrotum.

Condition

Upper GI Endoscopy

A camera look at the food pipe, stomach and first part of the bowel.

Test

Ureteric Reimplantation

Rebuilding the valve so urine stops flowing back to the kidney.

Procedure

Ureterocele

A balloon-like swelling of the ureter inside the bladder.

Condition

Urinary Infection in Children

Repeated urine infections need a cause to be found.

Condition

Urodynamic Study

Measures bladder pressure — the number that predicts kidney risk.

Test

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

Urine flows backwards from the bladder up to the kidney.

Condition